Tuesday, October 29, 2013

Past Post: Rosh Hashana Greetings!



A new year - a new country! Gmar v'chatima tova everyone - Happy Rosh Hashana. Zvi and I wish everyone a healthy and amazing year ahead. The end of our year has been truly a time of growth and amazement, professionally and personally for both of us. The month of August found us based in Dhangadhi, Nepal  at the Geta Eye Hospital. Dhangadhi is in Far Western Nepal  - an area that historically has been neglected by the Nepali government and was the scene of some of the worst fighting and atrocities of Nepal's recent civil war. Until just 10 years ago, this whole region would be virtually cut off from the rest of the country during the monsoon season with roads being washed out and bridges non-existent. A little over half a century ago, this region was jungle - dense, humid, malarial jungle. Few people lived in this plains region. With DDT and other technologies, malaria was virtually eradicated and the jungle was cut. People began moving down from the hills and snatching up as much land as possible. As Dr. Arjun told me - "Those who stayed in the hills were the rich folks 50 years ago, who now look to those "poor" folks in the plains for help." Indeed, while we saw very few other foreigners around Dhangadhi, on a brief visit to the nearby hills we saw cars and jeeps for Save the Children, UNICEF, CARE International, UNFP (UN Food Program) and more. Food security and inaccessibility to health services are major concerns in the hills region around Dhangadhi, and Geta Eye Hospital conducts ongoing community-based eye camps and screenings when possible. The hills around Dhangadhi are a different world altogether. We took a brief trip there to find it cold, wet, misty, mysterious - so unlike the hot and humid rice patties surrounding Geta. 

Geta Eye Hospital, as it stands today, is something of a jungle mirage. The new gleaming 3 story modern facility serves nearly 100,000 patients each year, with roughly 80% of its patients coming across the nearby Indian border. An eye examination costs Npr. 30/ (USD$0.28) and cataract surgery between $9.00-$25.00 depending on the complexity of the surgery and any subsidies a patient might receive. Patients can choose to stay in the shared ward or pay extra for a shared or private "cabin" for their stay after surgery. Patients tend to come with their whole family, especially the Indian patients. Families can opt for a private or shared room, however most are content to camp outside. Most bring cooking supplies and either purchase wood or bring a gas cooking canister. At night, - as August wore on, the rains slowed, Ramadan ended  and patient numbers began to increase - the hospital complex resembles a summer camp, minus the tents and counselors. Families sit quietly, children mill about staring at the pale foreigners. Those who already had surgery wear the "White badge of Honor" - the bandage protecting their new eye. During the busy season, there will be between 300-500 surgical cases a day. Fights sometimes break out in the evening, providing those camping out some entertainment beyond waving their homemade fans and perhaps dreaming of home. In the morning there'll be a mad flurry of activity as different doctors dash through rounds, nurses following close behind to make notes, put in drops, and send those with suspected infection or complications to the ward for further examination. Monkeys scurry about, recognizing the small pink bags that people receive from the canteen. Early mornings are primetime for monkey theft as people are quickly trying to eat, pack, and get in the registration line early. The monkeys make a mad dash and carry their booty to a rooftop sanctuary, dodging any thrown rocks or the canteen boys slingshot missiles. Tame spotted deer mill about happily munching on what they find and the ever present collection of dogs complete the picture. 

Over the past 6 or so years, Geta has hosted a revolving door of foreign doctors learning Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS). This was the main purpose for our stay at Geta and Zvi was not disappointed. Despite the rains and busy planting and festival season, he was able to perform over 130 cataract surgeries and close to 50 other procedures during his 5 week stay. The full time ophthalmologists - Dr. Deepak, Dr. Suresh, Dr. Arjun - all have thousands of cataracts to their credit and provided Zvi both guidance, mentorship, and many many games of chess in the quiet evenings. Zvi's subspecialty training in Uveitis continues to serve him well, and he has been consulting on cases in the outpatient department as well. Geta's nurses likewise provided Zvi and the other visiting trainees (Dr. Joyce from NYC and Dr. Vijay - a recently graduated Nepali ophthalmology resident) not just the support needed during the surgeries, they provided guidance, mentorship and could long spot complications and/or necessities before it was even vocalized by the doctors. The nurses, ophthalmologic assistants and other staff create a well-oiled machine that is helping what was once considered a Nepali backwater into a center of international ophthalmologic care…which makes Geta's history and its director, Dr. Bidiya Pant's story all the more amazing.

The history of eye care in Nepal is an incredible story. Nearly 30 years ago, it barely registered as a need. Even 10 years ago, the system was fairly limited to urban Nepal and not nearly so efficient or affordable as it is today. While many outside organizations, including our sponsor the Himalaya Cataract Project, are huge game changers in Nepal, the local initiative, vision, and determination of men and women like Dr. Reetha Gurung, Dr. Sanduk Ruit, and Dr. Bidiya Pant are what truly has made eye care in Nepal what it is today. If you're curious about eye care in Nepal, a new book about Dr. Ruit and HCP came out this past June - Second Suns - I haven't read it personally yet (despite lugging 10 hardcopies with us to Nepal for Dr. Ruit), but the reviews are good!   

Geta Eye Hospital is a smaller story - one that is much more personal, tangible perhaps because we have been there - perhaps because I have met other incredible, honest, humble people in my travels who simply saw a need, and decided they'll do something about it, no matter what. Thirty years ago, Geta Eye Hospital did not exist - it was a basic primary health care post in the jungle. Eye care in Nepal itself barely existed; the first ophthalmologic epidemiological study was first completed in 1984. A Swedish ophthalmologist and his wife began to organize Geta shortly after that study came out. 

Bidiya Pant was an ophthalmologic assistant from nearby, among the first to graduate with this new intermediate level certification. He joined the staff there as an ophthalmologic assistant. He worked there for 7 years - there was one ophthalmologist on staff, with occasional visiting doctors who'd come for a few months at most. Geta was drenchingly hot in the summer and humid, with not much relief in the winter. Electricity was spotty. Doctors simply didn't stay long. Yet the patients flocked there - they came from across the border, they came from the neighboring villages, they came down from the hills. Bidiya worked 6, 7 days a week, eventually performing surgery - a highly controversial move despite the lack of staff. The SICS technique had not yet penetrated Nepal, not for another decade, nor had interocular lenses widely arrived. The surgery Bidiya was doing was intense, and required significant recovery time and a lifetime of "granny glasses". While the center grew, Bidiya had a vision - this was his home region and he understood the potential. He realized as an ophthalmologic assistant though, his voice simply wasn't going to be heard so he decided to pursue an MD. 

Medical school in Nepal at that time was highly restricted to 30 students a year. It was 1992, the Iron Curtain had just fell and Russia was seeking foreign funds and students,"You just sent in your paper work and paid the tuition, they expedited your visa and I was a medical student."
The Swedish doctor - while recognizing Bidiya's drive and appreciative of his work ethic- did not approve of his plan. Bidiya left for Russia anyway, leaving his parents, wife and 3 children, and paying his own way initially. When he left, the Swedish doctor had to hire two people to replace Bidiya. The first year in Russia, Bidiya learned to read and write Russian. A decade later, he returned to Nepal a full MD. During those 10 years, the Swedish doctor saw what the importance of what Bidiya was doing and arranged for scholarships. Bidiya visited his family in Nepal during his 10 years abroad. Dr. Bidiya Pant returned and completed his qualifications to practice ophthalmology in Nepal. He returned to Geta as the senior Ophthalmologist in 2004.

"At that time I was the only full time ophthalmologists, others would come and once they learned what they wanted, they'd leave. I'd perform surgery late on Fridays, than head to the hills arriving at 1 or 2 am on Saturday. We'd do a screening and surgical camp all day, than I'd come home late Saturday night and begin work again on Sunday." 

During this time period, the SICS technique became mainstreamed through the efforts of Dr. Ruit. Intraocular lenses were being manufactured and produced in Nepal, the entire landscape of ophthalmologic care was rapidly transforming. Dr. Bidiya learned from other pioneers - Dr. Ruit, from Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology. Partnerships were formed, and visions and dreams were becoming reality. Through a partnership with the Fred Hollows Foundation and the Seva Foundation, new structures were built at Geta. A modern clinical facility (no longer was the emergency department in an old mud and stick shack), operating theatres  were designed to specifics. Generators were acquired to cope with the frequent power outages, comfortable living quarters were built to attract doctors to stay. Support and nursing staff were sent to Tilganga and India for training as were management to learn how to create a well-oiled and efficient machine. Brick by brick Dr. Bidiya and his team built up the hospital. Another full time ophthalmologist joined in 2007 - Dr. Deepak Khadka, who remains as Geta's senior ophthalmologists and head of the training department. Other ophthalmologists joined and remain - today there are 7 full time ophthalmologists, who are often joined by visiting Nepali residents and international trainees. Progress continues both in terms of infrastructure - more patient wards and guest rooms are being built, a fountain and garden is being inlaid, additional staff quarters are nearly complete. A staff pool is functional to combat the heat (and no one is above air conditioning!) A workout room and library are also planned. Dr. Bidiya also is focusing on furthering the quality and availability of care, and staff are receiving sub-specialty training as well. Geta Eye Hospital intends to run their own residency program in the near future, and already is establishing their own satellite clinics in nearby border towns and in the hills. Daily dreams are made reality - the dream of sight, the dream of seeing home once more, the dream of offering a "second sun" to his community…

Meeting people like Dr. Bidiya (a quiet, soft spoken man you'd have to lean in close to when he spoke in English) is a highlight of this type of work. One of the main missions of Himalaya Cataract Project is to create more opportunities for local visionaries to have the tools they need to create change - hence the big emphasis on education. Local leadership allows for lasting solutions, and while there is a great deal of international collaboration and partnership in this story, there is also a Nepali man - a Nepali man who was once a boy and a young man and perhaps did not expect to become a doctor, a leader of his country, a pioneer. His vision and determination are inspirational since we perhaps can all find our own story within his, the chance meeting, the opportunity acknowledged to create and do and change. Looking back and writing about Geta's story perhaps makes it all seem so inevitable - Nepal's eye care is a success story but it took time and doubt, and some plodding along and belief and hope day after day to reach this point. It is perhaps too easy to point to other places (or even ourselves) and question why they are not Nepal, why haven't they achieved success, and where are the Dr. Bidiyas? In telling Geta's and Dr. Bidiya's story, particularly at the start of this new year and as we venture off to other countries, we can look back on this story and think, and smile and remember, and borrow a bit from these incredible visionaries, and say, "Why not here too?"
 
We are off to India next week and than to Ghana the end of September. We are filled with so much love and gratitude to everyone for their support and messages from home. A huge Mazel Tov to our brother Shmuel on his engagement to Yocheved Radnor - we can't wait to celebrate in November! Another huge Mazel Tov to cousins Marissa and John on their marriage! We're so sorry to have missed the wedding but are looking forward to many more celebrations together.

Gmar v'Chatima Tova - A happy and healthy new year! Come visit us if you can!

Much love,

Jamie and Zvi

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